Kia Spectra Gsx 2017 Repair Manual
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. 4-speed automatic.
5-speed manual Dimensions 2,500 mm (98.4 in) Length 4,360 mm (171.7 in) Width 1,695 mm (66.7 in) Height 1,390 mm (54.7 in) The first-generation Kia Sephia is the first car that was actually designed by Kia with their own chassis. Engines available were the, with the 1.5-liter rated at 59 kilowatts (79 hp), the 1.6-liter 78-kilowatt (105 hp), and the 1.8-liter engine at 91-kilowatt (122 hp) from 1994. The car was presented in September 1992 to replace the aging, which was rapidly losing market share. The Sephia proved quite successful, selling over 100,000 in its first full year in the home market (1993). In the United States, sales began in 1993 for model year of 1994. This was the first Kia to be exported to the US. An update came in the 1995 model year when and were restyled and all US-market Sephias except California-market RS/LS models got upgraded to the new 1.8-liter four-cylinder engine as used in the.
Kia licensed the engine design from Mazda, but manufactured it themselves. It was launched in Europe in the spring of 1994 as the Kia Sephia in some markets and in others, including the United Kingdom, as the Kia Mentor. It was similar in size to best-selling European small family cars like the, but was priced similarly to smaller cars like the. Its key rivals in Europe were budget-priced Eastern European and Far Eastern imported products including the, and.
Kia presented a conceptual convertible version of the first generation Sephia, which was named 'Kia Sephia Cabrio' at some auto shows. 1994–1997 Kia Mentor GLX hatchback (Australia) Timor S515/S516 The Sephia-derived 'Timor' was meant to become the national car of, and was sold there in the mid-1990s.
It was intended fill a role similar to that of 's, and as such was exempt from taxes and duties levied on other cars sold in the country. The full name of the company was 'PT Timor Putra Nasional' (TPN), literally meaning 'Timor, National Son' in. The patriotic name was meant to remind Indonesians of the importance of despite also stands for 'Teknologi Industri Mobil Rakyat' (People's Automobile Industrial Technology). Timor S515 The Timor range consisted of the 'S515' (SOHC carburetted), 'S515i' (DOHC, fuel injected), and 'S516i LE' (sports-oriented limited edition, licensed by ). Timor had plans in place for an 'SW516i' station wagon and a 'SL516i' limousine, but these projects never eventuated. But some very limited numbers of 'SW516i' station wagons were actually manufactured by 'New Armada' a local car body manufacturer based in Magelang, Central Java.
This item is now considered rare and highly priced by the car enthusiasts. Between June 1996 and July 1997, 39,715 Kias were imported and sold as 'Timors'. Escaping import tax, luxury tax, and an import surcharge meant that the Timor was sold at half the price of a comparable. Meanwhile, the planned factory in was to be built with money lent by state-owned banks. The Timor itself proved controversial, because unlike the, it was not assembled in Indonesia when first released. Instead, it was imported completely built-up from South Korea, to the annoyance of companies like, which had undergone considerable expenses to produce vehicles in Indonesia.
The Timor, in return for promising future exports and 60 percent local content within three years of starting production in Indonesia, avoided the taxes and duties that added 60 percent to the price of other imported cars. This cozy deal led to accusations of and, as the project was the brainchild of, the youngest son of the then President. A welter of complaints followed, particularly from the Japanese automakers who controlled 90% of the Indonesian automobile market at the time. The threat of a lawsuit followed.
45,000 cars a year were planned, but with the in 1997 came the collapse of Kia. Combined with the May 1998 demise of the Suharto regime, the Timor project was abandoned. By early 1998, 15,000 out of the nearly 40,000 Kias imported were still sitting unsold in Jakarta —only 2,493 units were sold in 1998 as people wanted to distance themselves from the hated Suharto regime. During the May 1998 riots in Java, Timor owners would remove the 'T' logos in the hope that they would not be targeted by protesters. In 2000, Kia considered reviving the Timor by restructuring Timor Putra Nasional.
Kia finished the Cikampek factory and began CKD assembly of the Sephia II there in August 2000, but as 'Kia Mobil Indonesia' (KMI) instead. Kia also took over some of the debts incurred by the Timor project. Timor had also planned to build the as the Timor J520i, but between the looming WTO lawsuit and the collapse of Kia and the Suharto regime this never materialized. The controversy also led to the cancellation of own national car project, the -designed 'M3 Maleo' (Mobil Murah Masyarakat Maleo). This had been a joint venture between Konsorsium Mobil Indonesia (Indonesian Car Consortium), Millard Design and Orbital Engineering (Australia). 4-speed automatic. 5-speed manual Dimensions 2,560 mm (100.8 in) Length Sedan (1997): 4,530 mm (178.3 in) Sedan (2001): 4,510 mm (177.6 in) Liftback: 4,525 mm (178.1 in) Width Sedan: 1,700 mm (66.9 in) Liftback: 1,725 mm (67.9 in) Height Sedan: 1,410 mm (55.5 in) Liftback: 1,425 mm (56.1 in) In 1997 the Sephia was completely redesigned as a four-door sedan and five-door liftback, this time in-house by Kia itself with help from Mazda.
Kia used a DOHC 1.5-liter and its own new DOHC 1.8-liter engine (the T8D engine, originally developed for the Kia Elan) and an improved air conditioning system. In South Korea, the Sephia label was retired in 2000 and replaced by the Spectra. The Sephia production totals were 628,168. The North American market received the Sephia sedan in 1997 for the 1998 model year. In 2000 for the 2000 model year, the liftback variant was launched, sold under the name '. The Sephia (sedan) and Spectra (liftback) continued to be sold alongside one another until 2001, when the 2002 model year updates were introduced.
As part of this update, both body variants were facelifted, and the range was rationalized under the single 'Kia Spectra' name. Three trim levels were available in the US: an entry level 'S', slightly upgraded 'GS', and the top-of-the-range 'GSX'. Manufactured the Spectra in Cairo, Egypt, circa 2002. In Russia production of the Spectra continued until 2011, produced.
The Spectra liftback was also assembled in Malaysia between 2001 and 2010. Production began at the plant in Pekan, and was later transferred to 's plant in Gurun. Australia The second generation Sephia sedan and liftback were badged 'Mentor' in Australia when released in May 1998.
Kia offered an entry-level 'SLX' with the 1.5-liter inline-four engine, standard with five-speed manual transmission or optional four-speed automatic, and equipped with, air conditioning, and cloth trim. The higher-specification 'GLX' added, power windows and mirrors, more upmarket trim, plus the option of the larger 1.8-liter engine on the liftback variant. From June 2000, following the change of distributor in Australia to Ateco, Kia discontinued the sedan variant and rebadged the liftback 'Shuma'. Along with the sedan, Kia dispensed with the 1.5-liter engine and SLX/GLX model identifiers. In their place, Kia offered an entry-level 'Shuma' and a limited edition 'Shuma FX', which added alloy wheels, central locking, power windows and mirrors, improved audio and higher-grade trim to the base model's air-conditioning and power steering.
The Shuma also benefited from a minor facelift, which changed the tail-lamp lenses, wheels and interior trimmings. When the car was facelifted once more in May 2001, Kia rebranded it once more to 'Spectra'. This update brought redesigned headlights, a new front bumper, adjustments to suspension calibration, and an overhauled four-speed automatic.
Equipment-wise, the single-specification 'LS' offered a driver's airbag, seatbelt pretensioners and immobiliser were added, along with standard powered mirrors and windows and a host of minor trim upgrades. Kia Australia discontinued the Spectra in 2004. 서인경 (23 September 1992). Retrieved 30 November 2016. ^ Limb, Jae-un (12 July 2010). Korea JoongAng Daily.
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Retrieved 27 June 2011. ^ Nunn, Peter (1996), Norris, Ian, ed., 'Japanese Industry: Back on Track?' , Lausanne, Switzerland: Editions JR, J.-R. Piccard, 44 (1996–97): 99,. Hale, Christopher D. (July–August 2001). 'Indonesia's National Car Project Revisited'.
Asian Survey. University of California. 41 (4): 632. The Jakarta Post. 16 February 2000. Archived from on 19 January 2011. 642–643.
(PDF), 2 July 1998, p. 155, WT/DS54/R, WT/DS55/R, WT/DS59/R, WT/DS64/R. 15 October 2009 at the. Archived from on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2010. 19 September 2011. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
16 February 2017. From the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
Retrieved 16 February 2011. Martin, Terry (26 August 2001). Retrieved 14 November 2011. External links.
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